Copyright © 2008 Thomas M. Eastep
Permission is granted to copy, distribute and/or modify this document under the terms of the GNU Free Documentation License, Version 1.2 or any later version published by the Free Software Foundation; with no Invariant Sections, with no Front-Cover, and with no Back-Cover Texts. A copy of the license is included in the section entitled “GNU Free Documentation License”.
2020/02/16
Split DNS is simply a configuration in which the IP address to which a DNS name resolves is dependent on the location of the client. It is most often used in a NAT environment to insure that local clients resolve the DNS names of local servers to their RFC 1918 addresses while external clients resolve the same server names to their public counterparts.
See Shorewall FAQ 2.
Setting up Split DNS is extremely simple:
Be sure that your firewall/router can resolve external DNS names.
Install the dnsmasq package (http://www.thekelleys.org.uk/dnsmasq/doc.html) and arrange for it to start at boot time. There are many dnsmasq HOWTOs on the Internet.
Add your local hosts to
/etc/hostson the firewall/router using their local RFC 1918 addresses. Here's an example:# # hosts This file describes a number of hostname-to-address # mappings for the TCP/IP subsystem. It is mostly # used at boot time, when no name servers are running. # On small systems, this file can be used instead of a # "named" name server. # Syntax: # # IP-Address Full-Qualified-Hostname Short-Hostname # 127.0.0.1 localhost 172.20.0.1 openvpn.shorewall.net openvpn 172.20.0.2 vpn02.shorewall.net vpn02 172.20.0.3 vpn03.shorewall.net vpn03 172.20.0.4 vpn04.shorewall.net vpn04 172.20.0.5 vpn05.shorewall.net vpn05 172.20.0.6 vpn06.shorewall.net vpn06 172.20.0.7 vpn07.shorewall.net vpn07 172.20.0.8 vpn08.shorewall.net vpn08 172.20.0.9 vpn09.shorewall.net vpn09 172.20.0.10 vpn10.shorewall.net vpn10 172.20.0.11 vpn11.shorewall.net vpn11 172.20.0.12 vpn12.shorewall.net vpn12 172.20.0.13 vpn13.shorewall.net vpn13 172.20.0.14 vpn14.shorewall.net vpn14 172.20.0.15 vpn15.shorewall.net vpn15 172.20.0.16 vpn16.shorewall.net vpn16 172.20.1.1 linksys.shorewall.net linksys 172.20.1.100 hp8500.shorewall.net hp8500 172.20.1.102 ursa.shorewall.net ursa 172.20.1.105 tarry.shorewall.net tarry 172.20.1.107 teastep.shorewall.net teastep 172.20.1.109 hpmini.shorewall.net hpmini 172.20.1.130 lanursa.shorewall.net lanursa 172.20.1.131 wookie.shorewall.net wookie 172.20.1.132 tipper.shorewall.net tipper 172.20.1.133 nasty.shorewall.net nasty 172.20.1.134 ursadog.shorewall.net ursadog 172.20.1.135 opensuse.shorewall.net opensuse 172.20.1.136 centos.shorewall.net centos 172.20.1.137 fedora.shorewall.net fedora 172.20.1.138 debian.shorewall.net debian 172.20.1.139 archlinux.shorewall.net archlinux 172.20.1.140 foobar.shorewall.net foobar 172.20.1.141 deblap.shorewall.net deblap 172.20.1.254 firewall.shorewall.net firewall 206.124.146.254 blarg.shorewall.net blarg # special IPv6 addresses ::1 localhost ipv6-localhost ipv6-loopback fe00::0 ipv6-localnet ff00::0 ipv6-mcastprefix ff02::1 ipv6-allnodes ff02::2 ipv6-allrouters ff02::3 ipv6-allhosts 2002:ce7c:92b4::1 gateway6.shorewall.net gateway6 2002:ce7c:92b4:1::2 mail6.shorewall.net mail6 2002:ce7c:92b4:1::2 lists6.shorewall.net lists6 2002:ce7c:92b4:2::2 server6.shorewall.net server6
If your local hosts are configured using DHCP, that is a simple one-line change to the DHCP configuration.
And that's it! Your local clients
will resolve those names in the firewall/router's
/etc/hosts file as defined in that file. All other
names will be resolved using the firewall/router's Name Server as defined
in /etc/resolv.conf.
Example:
From an Internet Host:
gateway:~ # host linksys.shorewall.net linksys.shorewall.net has address 206.124.146.180 gateway:~ #
From Tipper (192.168.1.132):
teastep@tipper:~$ host linksys linksys.shorewall.net has address 172.20.1.1 teastep@tipper:~$
As a bonus, dnsmasq can also act as a DHCP server. Here are some excerpts from the corresponding /etc/dnsmasq.conf:
interface=eth1 dhcp-range=172.20.1.210,172.20.1.219,24h dhcp-host=00:11:85:89:da:9b,172.20.1.220 dhcp-host=00:1A:73:DB:8C:35,172.20.1.102 dhcp-host=00:25:B3:9F:5B:FD,172.20.1.100 dhcp-host=00:1F:E1:07:53:CA,172.20.1.105 dhcp-host=00:1F:29:7B:04:04,172.20.1.107 dhcp-host=00:24:2b:59:96:e2,172.20.1.109 dhcp-host=00:1B:24:CB:2B:CC,172.20.1.130 dhcp-host=00:21:5a:22:ac:e0,172.20.1.131 dhcp-host=08:00:27:B1:46:a9,172.20.1.132 dhcp-host=08:00:27:31:45:83,172.20.1.133 dhcp-host=08:00:27:28:64:50,172.20.1.134 dhcp-host=08:00:27:4b:38:88,172.20.1.135 dhcp-host=08:00:27:f6:4d:65,172.20.1.136 dhcp-host=08:00:27:dc:cd:94,172.20.1.137 dhcp-host=08:00:27:0f:d3:8f,172.20.1.138 dhcp-host=08:00:27:42:9c:01,172.20.1.139 dhcp-host=08:00:27:5a:6c:d8,172.20.1.140 dhcp-host=08:00:27:da:96:78,172.20.1.141 dhcp-option=19,0 # option ip-forwarding off dhcp-option=44,0.0.0.0 # set netbios-over-TCP/IP nameserver(s) aka WINS server(s) dhcp-option=45,0.0.0.0 # netbios datagram distribution server dhcp-option=46,8 # netbios node type dhcp-option=47 # empty netbios scope. dhcp-option=option:domain-search,shorewall.net
